(Top, left) The base of the urn is built up by hand; (Top, right) The sides of the urn are built up by placing layer upon layer of long, round clay strips; (Bottom, left) The urn is shaped with a spiral layer-upon-layer construction of a long, cylindrical clay strip; (Bottom, right) The sides are finished with a long, thin slab of shaped clay.

(1) The bottom of the urn is begun with a simple lump of clay. (2) Spread white clay powder over the surface of the potter's wheel to prevent the clay from sticking. (3) Shape the bottom of the urn by pounding and spreading the lump of clay with a roller pin-like tool.

(4) The bottom of the urn is shaped by pounding and spreading the clay with a large roller pin-like tool. (5) The bottom of the urn is measured precisely. (6) The excess clay is cut away. (7) In order to link the bottom with the sides, it is slightly broadened with a mallet.

(8) The artisan shapes the pottery from the base, forming each layer by hand. (9) It is essential to firmly connect the bottom of the urn with the first layer. (10) Each subsequent layer of clay is carefully placed atop the lower layers. (11) The artisan uses his hands to shape the sides of the urn.

(12) The craftsman continues with the upper layers of the side. (13) The potter can use both hands and tools. The left hand, inside the urn, holds the sides in place as the right hand, outside the urn, taps the sides to make the thickness even. (14) Smooth the surface of the sides using a geungae. (15) Trim the inside of the urn.

(16) The pottery is shaped upward by hand. (17) The craftsman can use both hands and tools at the same time. The left hand, on the inside, holds the sides steady while the right hand, on the outside, taps the sides to make them even. (18) The potter carefully measures the circumference of the urn, making sure it's even. (19) Each layer is securely connected to the lower layers using the fingers.

(20) As the layers of the side are put in place, the craftsman uses his index finger to "pinch" the two layers together. (21) The outside of the urn is also sealed using the fingers.

(22) The pottery is shaped by hand from the base and up the sides. (23) When shaping larger urns, the potter places a brazier of wood charcoal inside to help dry the clay and to help prevent the walls from collapsing as he continues to work.

(24) Hanging a burning brazier inside the unfinished urn helps to dry the clay as the artisan continues to shape the sides. (25) The craftsman hangs a charcoal-burning brazier inside the unfinished urn as he trims the sides with a geungae, a tool used for trimming. (26) The potter measures the height of the urn with a graduated length of wood.

(27) The artisan trims the sides of the urn with a geungae. (28) A length of rope helps the potter to shape the sides of the larger urns. (29) The final layers of clay are laid for the upper edge of the sides. (30) The craftsman uses a tool in each hand to finalize the proper shape of the sides.

(31) Excess clay is cut away along the lip. (32) A cloth or a strip of leather is used to shape the final opening. (33) The final lip is shaped with a strip of cloth or leather. (34) The potter measures the width of the opening, making sure the urn is properly balanced.

(35) The artisan uses a geungae to trim the top of the almost-finished urn. (36) The craftsman uses a strip of cloth or leather to smooth the upper lip of the urn.

(37) The potter makes an intaglio, or indented, pattern along the inner sides of the urn. (38) A square of leather is used to make an indented pattern, an intaglio, along the outside of the urn. (39) Simple indented patterns can be made by hand along the outside of the urn. The final work of pottery must be cut from the potter's wheel before being placed in the kiln.

40. The raw urn is finally finished.